Origins of Life on Earth 1. It is known as Nebular […] Planets were believed to be formed out of a cloud like material associated with Sun. Planets and Stars - The origin of the Earth theories involve a large cloud of dust called a solar nebula. Introduction Origin and Evolution of the Earth If you have not received this material directly from us but by sharing by others , send your email ID to us with "subscription" written in the subject on this email address : notesforias@gmail 2. The first primates appear on the December 29th but the first humans don't develop until late evening on the last day of the year, near 10:30 PM. Class 11 Geography Notes Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth Many hypotheses were put forth by different philosophers and scientists regarding the origin of the earth. Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences, Second Edition.Washington, DC: The Methods for dating the age of rocks and meteorites exist&endash; they are based on the spontaneous transition of certain elements to other elements and called radiometric dating techniques. Andromeda, our nearest galaxial neighbor, is located about 2,140,000 light-years away and the distance to the farthest object we can see is about of 10-20 billion light-years. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. The slope of the line in the Hubble diagram is 63.6 kilometers per second per megaparsec (a megaparsec is 3.26 million light-years). The information herein was derived from many sources, some of which are listed at the According to the widely accepted nebular hypothesis, the planets and moons in the solar system, including Earth, formed from a huge cloud of mostly hydrogen and helium. Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere of the Earth The typical density of continental rocks is about 2.7 g/cm^3. Contraction, rotation, and dropping temperatures resulted in the formation of small particles, the first being nickel and iron. Allegre, C., From Stone to Star, A View of Modern Geology, Harvard University Press, 1992, 287 pages. Nebula (Slowly rotating cloud of gas) and the matter was comprised of very cold, solid, and motionless particles. Our current, best hypothesis for the origin of the universe is called the Big Bang. Motion in the outer core proceeds as a rate on the order of ten km/hr (about six miles per hour). Chapter 22 The Origin of Earth and the Solar System Chapter 22 The Origin of Earth and the Solar System 22.1 Starting with a Big Bang 22.2 Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars 22.3 How to Build a Solar 22.4 Earth, along with the other planets, is believed to have been born 4.5 billion years ago as a solidified cloud of dust and gases left over from the creation of the Sun. The first worms appear in mid-December, and plants begin colonizing the land around December 20. {Thus, mankind has been witness to only 0.043% of Earth history. Origin and Evolution of Life and Introduction to Classification BIOLOGY Notes The planet earth came into existence sometime between 4 and 5 billion years ago. Ferris, T. , The Whole Shebang - A State of the Universe(s) Report, Simon & Schuster, 1997, 393 pages. Contraction, rotation, and dropping temperatures resulted in the formation of small particles, the first being nickel and iron. Earth developed continents and water -- perhaps even oceans and environments in which microbial life could emerge -- 4.3 billion to 4.4 billion years ago, remarkably soon after our planet formed. Scientific Theories of the Origin of the Earth By: Haseeb Jamal / On: Mar 02, 2017 / Notes There are various scientific theories of origin and evolution of the earth Earth is unique among the rocky planets in the Solar System in that it is the only planet known to have oceans of liquid water on its surface. To determine the origin of life, scientists are investigating the problem in several different ways. BIOL 1020 – CHAPTER 25 LECTURE NOTES 2 of 5 Chapter 25: The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life on Earth I. Although much exciting work remains to be done on many aspects of solar-system evolution, we have a robust hypothesis describing the solar-system formation that provides a stable framework for research. The mantle is much more sluggish, creeping along at a rate of about ten centimeters per year, about 100,000 times slower than the core. After inferring the original composition of the solar system from the sun and meteorites we can fill in gaps in our knowledge of Earth's composition. ORIGIN OF THE OCEANS K. K. Turekian ^ The distance from the Sun to Pluto, which is the dimension of our solar system, is about 5.4 light-hours and the distance to the nearest star, Proxima Centauri, is about 4.25 light-years. One of the earlier and popular arguments was by German philosopher Immanuel Kant which was revised by mathematician Laplace in 1796. Latest chapter note for CBSE exams. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, gave this theory. 3. bookmarked pages associated with this title. Particles began to collide against each other under their mutual gravitational attractions. These began to stick together, and after tens of millions of years of condensation and accretion, the earth was formed about 5 billion years ago. Britt, Robert Roy. 2. NOTES SLIDES 1 TP, OJ Overview: Introduction to the Introduction of Geology Lecture 1 … The chemistry of meteorites and Sun provide constraints on the composition of the bulk of the Earth. D, The Origin of the Universe, Science Masters Series, Basic Books, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers , 1994, 150 pages. • Quite early in Earth’s historyQuite early in Earth’s history • Cannot pinpoint time, but can narrowCannot pinpoint time, but can narrow down a time period with 3 lines ofdown a time period with 3 li Ac… The ancient lunar surface has preserved a record of events over the last four billion years. For perhaps 500 million years, the interior of Earth stayed solid and relatively cool, perhaps 2,000F. The origin of the Earth‐Moon system is very much related to the origin of the solar system as a whole. 1999. Removing #book# The cause of the Big Bang is unknown, and so is what, if anything, went on before it. from your Reading List will also remove any This may seem slow, but the material is under enormous pressure and that slow motion is the source of Earth's magnetic field. Although the earth has been cooling ever since and has formed a hard outer crust, part of the interior is still hot and molten. Nebula – It is a primordial (primitive) amorphous (without shape) mass of cloud of gas and dust. A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year, and since light travels at approximately 3x10^8 meters/second and there are approximately 3.15x10^7 seconds in one year, a light-year (distance is the velocity multiplied by the time) is just under 10^16 (10,000,000,000,000,000) meters, or about 10 trillion kilometers. Barrow, J. When they collides a huge amount of matter was thrown which in later cooled to form planets. Everything we know of is a composite of a mere 109 building blocks that we call elements. Class 11 – Chapter 2 – Theories on Origin of Earth. Life evolved on planet earth … The oldest rocks are just under 4 Ga, no rocks survived the earliest part of Earth history. In 1796, a mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace reexamined it. Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a typical size galaxy and is about 100,000 light-years across. We can imagine an atom as a dense core of protons and neutrons called the nucleus, surrounded by a cloud of orbiting electrons and since protons and neutrons are much more massive than electrons, most of the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula. Chemical conditions of the early Earth that could have fostered the origin of life A. the Earth … The periodic table is a scientific tool that helps us understand the behavior of materials. {The first multi-celled organisms appeared about 700 Origin Of Life on Earth The universe is very old – almost 13 billion years old. From spectral analyses of the sun and comparison with meteorites, we can estimate the abundance of elements in the solar system. The inverse of the slope of the line in the diagram is called the Hubble age of the universe, which in this case is 15.4 billion years, near the center of the typical range of universal age estimates. The origin of water on Earth is the subject of a body of research in the fields of planetary science, astronomy, and astrobiology. Some scientists are studying life on our own planet. Dalrymple, G. B., The Age of the Earth, Stanford University Press, 1991,474 pages. The Earths Structure. Click here to link to a site dedicated to periodic table. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. All matter in the universe was generated during the Big Bang but much of it has been reworked in the interior of stars. Agriculture is invented with just 40 seconds before midnight, Rome falls with three seconds remaining, and recent history makes up the last second. Evolution of the Earth The age of Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe. When did life begin?When did life begin? 5.2 Origin of the Oceans Portions modified from Karla Panchuk in "Physical Geology" by Steven Earle* So how did the oceans form in the first place? Although it is the most studied planet, it cannot be completely understood in isolation. report, Origin and Evolution of Earth: Research Questions for a Changing Planet (2008). December opens with an increase in oxygen in our atmosphere, a by product of oxygen-producing algae that destroy themselves by overproducing oxygen. Earth forms on September 14 and life originates in late September or early October. Earth cl 11 notes geography reviews cbse cl 10 science chapter 6 life references and notes evernote The Origin And Evolution Of Earth Cl 11 Notes GeographyCbse Cl 12 Biology Chapter 7 Evolution Revision NotesAstr 380 Chapter 6 Life In The Universe Origin AndThe Origin And Evolution Of Earth Cl 11 Notes GeographyChapter25activityThe Origin And… Read More » But these slow moving processes have had a tremendous impact on the character of our planet. Much of what we know about Earth’s bulk composition was inferred from primitive meteorites, chunks of material left over from the early stages of accretion that were never incorporated into … The mantle accounts for about 84% of Earth's volume but the core contains almost 70% of the planet's mass. Our understanding of the processes that formed the solar system comes from our understanding of the physics of rotating bodies and investigation into the chemical composition of the Sun, planets, moons, and asteroids. The motions deep in Earth are much slower than those common at the surface. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution. All rights reserved. Earth and plaary science letters earth nasa solar system exploration how did life arise on earth live science anthony stark earth 616 marvel the atmosphere origin and structure Write A Short Note On Origin Of Life Earth Brainly The name of hypothesis given about the origin of Earth is: Old planetesimal hypothesis: This hypothesis states that earth was formed from the collision of the gases mass and comet. Atoms of the 92 naturally occurring elements combine to form the myriad of materials that we see and use every day. crust accounts for less than one-half of one percent of the mass of the planet. The origin of life is one of the great mysteries in the Universe. Earth's mass is approximately 5.973x1024 kg, and its mean density is 5.515 g/cm^3. Origin of Earth By- S M Zaki Ahmad 2. Earth is part of the solar system. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# The Big Bang theory attempts to explain to us the origin of universe. and any corresponding bookmarks? The gaseous hypothesis of Kant was based on the sound principles of Newton’s law of gravitationand rotatory motion. A series exploring the natural history of Earth, beginning with the formation of our Solar System, moving on through asteroid impacts and mass extinctions, and … We are beginning the second year as newcomers to the universe. Life enters middle age on Christmas and dinosaurs dominate the next few days. The result of such analyses indicate that meteorites have ages near 4.56 Ga, and hence so does Earth. Evolution of the Earth The age of Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe. zThe Earth is about 4.6 billion years old, human beings have been around for only the past 2 million years. The Origin and Evolution of the Earth class 11 Notes Geography ch-2 in PDF format for free download. In astronomy and cosmology, distance is often represented using the units called "light-years". 1 Origin of Earth's moon Short Course Notes I gave this short course several times to groups of high school earth science teachers, 1994-1998. Earth's radius is about 6,371 km and the radius of the core is about 3,486 km (the inner core radius is about 1,217 km&endash; a little more than two-thirds of the radius of the Moon). Chemical species Amount on Earth’s surface not derived by weathering (]1020g) Water 16600 Total carbon as carbon dioxide 910 Chlorine 300 Nitrogen 42 Sulfur 22 After Rubey (1951). The spontaneous transition is called radioactive decay and we call the isotope that decays the "parent" and the product of decay a "daughter". Earth is hot because of three heat sources. According to the widely accepted nebular hypothesis, the planets and moons in the solar system, including Earth, formed from a huge cloud of mostly hydrogen and helium. For more information or copies, contact the Board on Earth Sciences and Resources at (202) 334-2744 or visit http://nationalacademies.org Supernaturally created primordial hard matter was scattered in the universe. Assumptions 1. Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere of the Earth Although a lot goes on in the first few months, our galaxy, the Milky Way, doesn't form until May 1 and our solar system is absent until around September 9. Suggested Citation:"The Origin of the Universe, Earth, and Life. • Proposed by German philosopher Immanuel Kant and revised by Laplace in 1796. • Sun was considered young and slowly rotating. Previous The presence of water on the young © 2020 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Atkins, P. W. The Periodic Kingdom, A Journey into the Land of the Chemical Elements, Science Masters Series, Basic Books, a Division of Harper Collins Publishers, 1995. The Origin and Evolution ofThe Origin and Evolution of Life on EarthLife on Earth 2. In the table, elements are ordered by the number of protons (or electrons), which we call an element's atomic number, and arranged into columns which group elements that display similar properties. "National Academy of Sciences. But we have learned, and are continuing to learn much about how the universe evolved since its birth. The number of neutrons in the nucleus can vary and we call atoms of one element that have different numbers of neutrons, isotopes of that element. Learn about the most commonly accepted Earth origin theories. An atom is a collection of particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons (these particles are composites of still smaller particles, but we'll keep it simple). History of Physical Geology, Next Remember from section 3.1 that the early Earth was formed through the accretion of various materials, and that a period of … The existence of a universe-initiating explosion is supported by several lines of evidence, most notably the observed motions of the galaxies, the observed background electromagnetic hiss generated during the bang, and evidence from the observed abundance of light chemical elements in the universe. According to this hypothesis, the planets were moulded out of a cloud of material associated with a young Sun, which was rotating slowly. Huge clusters of galaxies comprise the universe. It proposes that origin of earth took place as a part broken off from the molten mass of sun. INNER PLANETS OUTER … Continental rocks is about 2.7 g/cm^3 13 billion years which was revised by Laplace in 1796. • was! Meteorites have ages near 4.56 Ga, no rocks survived the earliest part of the 92 naturally occurring elements to... 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